Physics Olympiad Guidelines

“The whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of everyday thinking.”
- Albert Einstein

Written by

  • Abdul Majid, International Physics Olympiad TST-1 Winner 2026 Camp, SSC25, RUMC

Advised by

  • Farhan Tanvir Prionto, International Physics Olympiad TST-2 Winner 2024 Camp, HSC25, Ex-Rajukian, BUET

This guideline is designed for students of different reading levels eager to participate in the Bangladesh Physics Olympiad (BdPhO), from beginners to advanced. The books are roughly arranged from easier to more challenging. You don’t have to read all of them, just pick any one you like and you can start reading. If a book feels too difficult or the mathematics gets too heavy, don’t worry—it’s okay to move on to another one that suits you better, or brush up on your calculus first. Above all, physics is about understanding how the universe works, so keep reading, experimenting, and enjoying your journey.

General Problem Solving Strategies

Books

  1. Fundamentals of Physics - Halliday, Resnick, and Walker
  2. Concepts of Physics (Vol 1 & 2) - H.C. Verma
  3. Competitive Physics: Thermodynamics, Electromagnetism and Relativity - Wang and Ricardo
  4. Physics for Scientists and Engineers - Serway & Jewett
  5. Physics Olympiad - Basic to Advanced Exercise - The Committee of Japan Physics Olympiad

Overall Guidelines

  • Make sure to have a thorough understanding of basic vector algebra and calculus. Mathematics is the language of physics, and you cannot excel at the national level without it.
  • After you’ve grasped the concepts from your SSC and HSC textbooks (Selu Sir, Ishak Sir), start your olympiad journey with H.C. Verma or Halliday-Resnick. These books build the physical intuition required to excel at the regional and national levels.
  • The books contain incredible, brain-teasing problems. It’s highly recommended to work on them once your basic theory is rock solid.

Detailed Guidelines on Major Branches

Mechanics

Books

  • An Introduction to Mechanics - Kleppner & Kolenkow
  • The Physics of Waves - Howard Georgi
  • Classical Mechanics: A Critical Introduction - Michael Cohen

Guidelines

  • Mechanics is the foundation of all other branches of physics. Before moving to anything else, make sure your mechanics is incredibly strong.
  • Give immense importance to Free Body Diagrams (FBD), Newton's Laws, conservation of energy, conservation of linear and angular momentum, and rotational kinematics.
  • The language and math of Morin's book (the 3rd book) can be quite advanced, relying heavily on calculus and differential equations. If you find it hard, save it for the national or camp level.

Electromagnetism

Books

  • Basic Laws of Electromagnetism - I.E. Irodov
  • Electricity and Magnetism - Purcell & Morin
  • Problems and Solutions on Electromagnetism - Yung-Kuo Lim

Guidelines

  • Electromagnetism relies heavily on visualizing 3D fields and applying right-hand rules. Building a strong geometric intuition will naturally improve your skill here.
  • Kirchhoff's circuit laws, Gauss's law, and Ampere's law are the trickiest topics to master for beginners.
  • It’s okay to struggle with calculus at first, but the faster you train yourself in vector calculus, the better. For Griffiths and Purcell, a solid understanding of surface and volume integrals is required (strictly for advanced national and TST preparation).

Thermodynamics

Books

  • Concepts in Thermal Physics - Blundell
  • An Introduction to Thermal Physics - D.V. Schroeder

Guidelines

  • Master all the basic concepts: the laws of thermodynamics, ideal gas equations, and specific heat from your standard textbooks up to class 11-12.
  • New to Thermodynamics? Start with the relevant chapters in Halliday-Resnick before jumping into the specialized books listed above.
  • Key concepts to focus on: Carnot engines, entropy, P-V diagrams, and the Kinetic Theory of Gases.
  • Pay very close attention to sign conventions (work done by the gas vs. work done on the gas). Mixing these up is the most common mistake in olympiad problem solving.

Oscillations & Optics

Books

  • Optics - Ajoy Ghatak
  • The Physics of Vibrations and Waves - H.J. Pain
  • Optics - Eugene Hecht
  • Problems in Physics (Optics & Waves) - A.A. Pinsky

Guidelines

  • Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) is a concept that appears in almost every branch of physics. Pay huge importance to the differential equation of a harmonic oscillator.
  • For optics, ray tracing and Fermat's Principle of Least Time are your best tools.
  • Solving a lot of problems regarding interference, diffraction, and lenses is important to become skillful in this subject. Keep track of your phase differences!

Experimental Physics

  • ফিজিক্স অলিম্পিয়াড এক্সপেরিমেন্টের জগতে প্রবেশ – শেখ শাফায়াত

For Problem Solving

Past Papers

  • BdPhO past problems (Past Papers)
  • AAPT PhysicsBowl past papers (For regional)
  • F=ma Exam past papers (For national)
  • USAPhO, IPhO, APhO problems (For advanced problem solving and camp)

Problem Solving Resources

The Problem Solving Process

  1. Define and understand the problem
  2. Visualize the problem's picture
  3. Draw a diagram of the problem
  4. Break the problem into smaller pieces
  5. Collect and organize information about the problem
  6. Critical thinking: Observation, Analysis and Inference
  7. Work backward

An Example Problem

Rolling Cylinder Dynamics

Problem: A solid right-circular cylinder is rolling without slipping down an inclined plane that makes an angle θ with the horizontal. What is the value of its acceleration?
(BDPHO 2025 C Category)

Given Variables:

  • Mass of the cylinder = M
  • Radius of the cylinder = R
  • Linear acceleration parallel to the plane = a
  • Angular acceleration = α
  • Frictional force = f
  • Acceleration due to gravity = g

Solution Steps:

The moment of inertia (I) of a solid cylinder about its central axis is:
I = ½ MR²

Since the cylinder rolls without slipping, the relationship between linear and angular acceleration is:
a = αR   ⇒   α = a/R

Applying Newton's second law for linear motion down the incline:
Mg sin(θ) - f = Ma --- (Equation 1)

Applying the rotational equation of motion (τ = Iα) about the center of mass:
fR = [½ MR²] * [a/R]f = ½ Ma --- (Equation 2)

Now, substitute the value of f from Equation 2 into Equation 1:
Mg sin(θ) - ½ Ma = MaMg sin(θ) = Ma + ½ MaMg sin(θ) = &frac32; Ma

Dividing both sides by M, we get the linear acceleration (a):
g sin(θ) = &frac32; a

Final Answer:

a = ⅔ g sin(θ)

Final Words

Prioritize Problem-Solving

Focus on solving problems rather than just reading theory. Working directly with equations is the best way to develop your "physical intuition."

Visualize and Progress

Draw large, clear diagrams and gradually tackle harder problems, moving from basic mechanics to advanced topics.

Stay Persistent

Never give up. It is normal for tough problems to take days to solve. Patience and consistent practice will sharpen your analytical skills over time.

Remember: Practice makes progress!